Melasma

What is Melasma?

Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, irregular patches on the skin, usually on the face. It is more common in women and people with darker skin tones, and is often triggered by hormonal changes and sun exposure.

Causes

• Hormonal changes – pregnancy (“mask of pregnancy”), birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy.
• Sun exposure (UV rays) – triggers melanin overproduction.
• Genetics – family history increases risk.
• Skin irritation / inflammation – post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can worsen melasma.
• Certain medications – some anti-seizure drugs, cosmetics, or photosensitizing agents.

Symptoms / Appearance

• Brown, tan, or gray-brown patches.
• Symmetrical patterns on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, or chin.
• Usually flat, not raised, but darker than surrounding skin.
• Often worsens with sun exposure or hormonal changes.

Professional Treatments

• Topical depigmenting creams – hydroquinone, azelaic acid, kojic acid, or tranexamic acid.
• Chemical peels –cosmelan treatment
• Laser therapy – low-fluence Q-switched lasers or fractional lasers for stubborn melasma.
• Microneedling with depigmenting serums – enhances absorption and stimulates skin renewal.
• Prescription creams – retinoids combined with other depigmenting agents.

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At-Home & Skincare Support

• Daily sunscreen SPF 30+ – essential for prevention and treatment.
• Gentle skincare – avoid harsh scrubs or irritants.
• Antioxidant serums – vitamin C or niacinamide to reduce pigmentation and protect skin.
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Prevention

• Strict sun protection – broad-spectrum SPF, hats, and shade.
• Avoid triggers – harsh exfoliation, hot water, and certain cosmetics.
• Manage hormonal factors – discuss alternatives if melasma is triggered by medications or contraceptives.
• Consistent skincare routine with gentle cleansers and moisturisers.

FAQs

Q1. Is melasma permanent?
No – with treatment and sun protection, it can fade significantly, but may recur.

Q2. Why does melasma worsen in summer?
UV exposure stimulates melanin production, darkening patches.

Q3. Can pregnancy melasma fade after childbirth?
Often yes, but some patches may persist and require treatment.

Q4. Are there home remedies that work?
Mild lightening effects may occur with vitamin C, niacinamide, or gentle exfoliation, but professional treatments are more effective.

Q5. Can melasma affect men?
Yes, but it is less common and usually linked to sun exposure or hormonal imbalances.